Toto Sudargo¹, Hamam Hadi1, Wiryatun Lestariana¹, Amitya Kumara², Lia Asti Sugiyanti³, Sylvia Afrilyanisa Permatasari³ Background : It is estimated that around 42 million people in Indonesia stay in low iodine place. Children with iodine deficiency disorders who live in iodine deficiency endemic area have greater risk in other types of nutrient deficiency and lower achievement of IQ score. On the other hand, research in developing country put greater emphasis on health factor as determinant of child cognitive development rather than sosiodemography factor.Objective : To figure out the correlation between nutritional status, intake of nutrients and sociodemography factors with cognitive function among school aged children in iodine deficiency place in Kismantoro Subdistrict Wonogiri Region. Methods : Cross-sectional data on nutritional status, intake of nutrients and sociodemography factors were gathered from 173 children aged 8-13 years who lived in Iodine Deficiency (IDD) area. Research subjects were chosen by using simple random sampling method. Sociodemography data were gathered by using questionnaire for the parents. Intake of nutrients were assessed by 3 days of 24 hours food recall method. Cognitive function intelligence ware estimated by CFIT (Culture Fair Intelligence Test) and school achievements data were taken from standardized tests of math and Indonesian language. Every parent from The research subjects had to sign in an Informed Consent before permitting their children to take part in this research. Results : From 675 elementary school children that use measured by palpation, there were 173 of them (25,63%) suffered from IDD. Bivariat analysis show significant correlation parents level of education with cognitive function (p<0,01). Subject with uneducated mother had risk 5,132 times higher than subject with educated mother, while subject with low educated father had risk 4,721 times higher chance of having low cognitive function compare to around to this area. Energy intake, protein, iodine, and vitamin C had significant correlation with IQ score of children (p<0,05). Meanwhile, Fe, selenium, and zinc had no significant correlation with IQ score of children (p>0,05). IQ was affected by other factors which were not evaluated in this research. Conclusions : Level of education among parents have a great impact on children’s cognitive function. Therefore, parents should attain higher formal education level that can lead children to the normal cognitive function. Energy intake, protein, iodine, and vitamin C have significant correlation with cognitive function Key words : sociodemography, cognitive function, dietary intake 1) Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia. 2)Faculty of Psychology Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia 3) School of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia.

Siti Helmyati1, Ajeng Herning Danastri2, I Made Alit Gunawan3 ABSTRACT Background : The prevalence of children obesity in Indonesia increases every year until now. Children obesity causes obesity in adult, many diseases, and psychology defects. The leading reasons of obesity are fast food consumption and sedentary life style. More over, now there are many local fast food in Yogyakarta. Objective : To assess the difference of local fast food consumption, the difference of energy intake from local fast food, the difference of physical activity, and the difference of parent’s salary between obese children and non-obese children in Tarakanita Bumijo Junior High School, Yogyakarta. Methods : An observational case control study was conducted in fourth, fifth, and sixth class in Tarakanita Bumijo Junior High School, Yogyakarta that was screened the obesity status first. Sampling method for taking 66 obese and 66 non-obese is stratified random sampling. Local fast food consumption was assessed using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method. Pattern and duration of physical activity was assessed using modified International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) method. Results : Obese children consume local fast food as often as non obese children (p>0,05) but they consume more often western fast food than non obese children (p<0,05). Energy intake of local and western fast food in obese children as much as in non obese children (p>0,05). Obese children have a lower physical activity than non obese children (p<0,05). The parents of obese children have salary as much as the parents of non obese children (p>0,05). Conclusion : Children obesity in Tarakanita Bumijo Junior High School, Yogyakarta is not caused by a high energy intake of local fast food but a low physical activity. Keywords : children obesity, local fast food 1)School of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, siti_helmyati@yahoo.com 2)Sari Husada, Semarang, Indonesia, Field Nutritionist 3)Health Polytechnic, Health Department, School of Nutrition, Yogyakarta

Mirza Hapsari Sakti Titis Penggalih This was an exsperimental study with RCT design to asses the effectiveness of banana-boiled and carbohydrate drink supplementation to blood glocuse level (mg/dl) and performance (ml/kgbw/mnt). Three universities choose randomly to recieve trial, control (A), carbohydrate drink (B), and Banana-Boiled (C). The blood glucose and VO2Max test were taken before after intervention. Group B had the highest increasing of blood glucose (13,37), followed with group C (4,69) and group A (2,1). The paired t-test showed that only group B had the significant effect on blood glucose (P<0,05). Group C had the highest increasing of VO2Max (2), followed with group B (2,06), and group A (1,87). The paired t-test showed that group C and B significanly effected to performance (P<0,05). The anova-test showed that there were no significant difference in all groups (P>0,05). It meant that Carbohydrate drink and banana-boiled had the same effectiveness to maintan performance and blood glocuse level. Key words: Banana-Boiled, Carbohydrate Drink, Supplementation, Blood Glucose, Performance, Soccer

Toto Sudargo¹, Emy Huriyati², Lastiana Safitri², Winda Irwanti² , Delima Citra Dewi² , Sri Ahadi Nugraheni³ Background : Indonesia still has to struggle against many kinds of infection and under-nutrition that related to each other which make the Indonesian society’s health is not significantly increasing. More than one third (36,1%) of the children of the school age in Indonesia was standardized as stunted during the school age that indicate the existence of chronic under-nutrition. IDD, anemia, infections and stunting have impact on the decreasing of cognitive function in children. Low dietary intake has effect on health and development of children, including the development of brain that influence of cognitive function. Children who live in IDD (Iodine Deficiency Disorder) area have higher risk in famine and lower achievement for IQ score test. Objectives : The aim of this research was for describing the relationship between nutritional status, anemia, infection status, dietary intake of seven nutrients (energy, protein, iodine, vitamin C, Fe, Zn, Se) and cognitive function of Elementary Schoolchildren who live in (IDD) Endemic Area, and to know the iodine content on soil and water in that area. Design : This study was an observational research with cross-sectional design. Methods : The subject of this research was all of the third-grade, fourth-grade and fifth-grade schoolchildren in 3 elementary schools which located in Kismantoro District, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, an IDD endemic area. The criteria were children aged 9 – 12 years. There were 69 research subjects. IDD status was determined using palpation method and IUE. We measured the nutritional status by HAZ indicator, anemia by Hemocue method, infection status by interview to parents of the children, dietary intake of seven nutrients were assessed by 3 days of 24 hours food recall method, iodine content in soil and water analysed by ICP-MS (Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) and cognitive function by WISC-R. Data were analyzed statistically using computer software. Results : We found 20 subjects (28.9%) suffer from IDD, 27 subjects (39,1%) with stunting, 17 subjects (24.6%) anemia, 11 subjects (15,9%) with infection (ARI and diarrhea), and 57 subjects (82,6%) with abnormal cognitive function. Bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between IDD and infections with cognitive function (p>0.05). There was significant relationship between nutritional status and anemia with cognitive function (p<0,05). Together, using multivariate analysis, dietary intake of energy, protein, iodine, vitamin C, Fe, and selenium influence 5,7% IQ score of school-children. The result from laboratory shows the average of iodine in soil and water on the location are 2,49 ppm and 2,7 ppb. Both figures are below the standard. Conclusion : There was significant relationship between nutritional status and anemia with cognitive function. No significant relationship between IDD and infection status with cognitive function. Dietary intake of energy, protein, iodine, vitamin C, zinc, Fe and Se had no positive association with cognitive function of elementary school-children who lived in IDD endemic area. Average of iodine content in soil and water on the location are below the standard. Key words : IDD, nutritional status, anemia, infection status, cognitive function 1) Department of Public Health Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia. 2) School of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia. 3) Magister of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health. Diponegoro University, Central Java, Indonesia.

oleh : Lily Arsanti Lestari

Dewasa ini, orang sangat memilih makanan yang akan dikonsumsinya. Makanan tidak hanya digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan primer yaitu rasa lapar dan pemenuhan zat-zat gizi bagi tubuh, tetapi juga digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sekunder yaitu cita rasa yang baik, serta kebutuhan tersier yaitu memiliki fungsi fisiologis tertentu bagi tubuh seperti hipokolesterol, anti hipertensi, pencegah diare, dan sebagainya. Makanan yang mempunyai fungsi fisiologis ini dikenal dengan makanan fungsional. Menurut Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan, makanan fungsional didefinisikan sebagai makanan yang secara alamiah maupun telah melalui proses, mengandung satu atau lebih senyawa yang berdasarkan kajian-kajian ilmiah dianggap mempunyai fungsi-fungsi
fisiologis tertentu yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, serta dikonsumsi sebagaimana layaknya makanan atau minuman, mempunyai karakteristik sensori berupa penampakan, warna, tekstur dan cita rasa yang dapat
diterima oleh konsumen. Selain itu, makanan fungsional tidak memberikan kontraindikasi dan tidak memberi efek samping pada jumlah penggunaan yang dianjurkan terhadap metabolisme zat gizi lainnya (BPOM, 2001). read more